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Manastirea Putna
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Inceputurile manastirii Putna, cea dintai si totodata cea mai insemnata ctitorie a lui Stefan cel Mare, ne sunt cunoscute din "Cronica" lui Grigore Ureche. Acest luminat cronicar mentioneaza ca marele voievod "...in al zecilea an al Domniei sale, in anii 6974 (1466), iulie 10, au inceput a zidi manastirea Putna...". Manastirea Putna a fost ridicata de Stefan cel Mare in semn de multumire pentru biruinta repurtata in batalia de la Chilia, in 25 ianuarie 1465, la indemnul si cu staruinta sihastrului Daniil.
Pentru a sti unde sa inceapa construirea manastirii, Stefan cel Mare a tras cu arcul de pe varful unui munte aflat in apropiere astfel ca acolo unde a cazut sageata a inceput construirea manastirii.
Desi in vara anului 1669 lucrarile de constructie ale manastirii erau terminate, tarnosirea (la care au participat 64 de arhieri, preoti si diaconi) a avut loc un an mai tarziu, adica la 3 septembrie 1470. Dupa mai bine de un deceniu au fost terminate si zidurile de imprejmuire al incintei si a turnurilor aferente. Astfel, prin puternicile sale fortificatii, primele cunoscute in arhitectura monastica moldoveneasca, manastirea Putna putea constitui un loc de retragere sigur, bine aparat in caz de primejdii, pentru domn, familia sa si numerosii lor curteni si slujitori.
In anul 1484 manastirea Putna a avut de suferit de pe urma unui incediu nimicitor care a distrus o buna parte din manastire. Din cate se pare cea mai putin afectata a fost biserica manastirii. In acelasi an insa, marele Stefan a refacut intreaga manastire tot asa falnica precum fusese inainte. Pe parcurs, datorita insemnatelor danii primite chiar din momentul infiintarii sale, Putna a devenit cea mai bogat inzestrata manastire a Moldovei.
Manastirea a fost inca de la inceput harazita sa adaposteasca mormantul sau si pe cel ale unor membrii ai familiei sale, astfel ca in anul 1476 fusese inhumata maria de Mangop, a doua sotie a lui Stefan, precum si doi fii ai sai, Bogdan si Petru, morti in 1479 si respectiv 1480.
Dupa 47 ani de glorioasa domnie, in 1504, trupul neinsufletit a lui Stefan cel Mare, insotit de clerici, slujitori si mare multime de norod, a fost adus, in dangatul clopotelor, de la Suceava la manastirea Putna, unde si astazi se odihneste, langa peretele de sud al gropnitei bisericii, adapostit sub un baldachin de marmura.
Dupa numai trei decenii de la trecerea in nefiinta a ctitorului, manastirea Putna a cazut din nou prada focului. Si acest incediu a facut stricaciuni insemnate. Doua decenii mai tarziu Alexandru Lapsusneanu a refacut manastirea, care a cunoscut din nou perioade de inflorire, ramanand nu numai un simbol al vremurilor glorioase, dar si statornic strajer al fruntarilor dinspree nord ale tarii.
A urmat din nou o perioada grea pentru manastire care s-a deteriorat cu trecerea timpului, dar si datorita cutremurelor, incediilor sau domnitorului Vasile Lupu care a stricat manastirea in speranta gasirii de bani. Tot el a inceput refacerea manastirii, continuata de Gheorghe Stefan si terminata in 1662 de domnitorul de atunci Eustatie Dabija. Lucrarile de reconstructie, realizate in aceasta epoca, au avut in vedere nu numai biserica, ci intreg complexul manastiresc, constituind un moment important in istoria ansamblului monumental al Putnei.
Nici aceasta importanta refacere n-a dainuit decat trei sferturi de veac, intrucat, in anul 1739, manastirea Putna a fost grav avariata de un puternic cutremur, aducand-o din nou in stare de ruina. A fost scoasa din aceasta stare in perioada 1757 - 1761 de mitropolitul Iacov Putneanul, care a devenit astfel al treilea ctitor. Acesta a fost ajutata in munca sa de ucenicul sau, arhimandritul Vartolomeu Mazareanu.
Manastirea a suferit noi modificari pe la mijlocul secolului 19, intre 1854 si 1856 cand, zidurile au fost demolate pana la nivelul solului, peste ele construindu-se un nou corp de chilii existent si in prezent. Si in urmatoarea perioada, pana in 1882, au avut loc si alte modificari.
Spre sfarsitul secolului trecut, la manastirea Putna su fost initiate noi lucrari de reparatii, incheiate in anul 1902.
Pe 10 iulie 1966, la Putna, au avut loc manifesari si festivitati cu ocazia implinirii a 500 de ani de la zidirea manastirii. Cu incepere din anul 1969, au inceput noi lucrai de restaurare, precedate de riguroase cercetari arheologice.
   
Putna Monastery
The beginnings of Putna Monastery, the most important religious, cultural and artistic center in mediaeval Moldavia, take us back to the year 1466 when, upon the initiative of Prince Stephen the Great (1457 - 1504), a church of impressive dimensions was built on a patch of forest cleared for the purpose. The edifice was erected between 1466 and 1469 and consecrated in 1470; to it were added a few more buildings: a princely residence standing on the southern side, outer walls and defence towers; all of them completed in 1481.
A few years only after the completion of the buildings and fortifications, a dreadful fire destroyed most of the church, the outer walls and the princely residence. The following years, the prince and founder rebuilt the, church which soon recovered its former lofty appearance.
In 1536, another conflagration seriously damaged all the buildings; there followed a new restoration completed in 1559, on the initiative and at the expense of Prince Alexandru Lapusneanu (1552 - 1561; 1564-1568).
Despite subsequent restoration work, partial or complete, time, earthquakes and landslides caused a lot of damage to all the monuments Putna Monastery consists of leaving their indelible marks on them, so that the church more especially required renovation and repairs. In 1653, the church, which had been built in the 15th century was pulled down to its foundations and replaced in 1654 - 1662 by a new building which, with slight alterations, has lasted to this day. In this period, the princely residence and the precinct walls were also enlarged and repaired.
However, this important restoration did not last more than three quarters of a century, for in 1739, Putna Monastery was destroyed by a powerful earthquake, which made it necessary to start ample restoration work between 1757 and 1761, upon the initiative and with the endeavours of Metropolitan lacov Putneanul.
Another important stage in the building of the monastery in the past was marked by the restoration work effected from 1854 to 1856, when the precincts were enlarged and new walls were erected, 23 m. to the north of the previous ones. New cells were built parallel to the wall; the old princely residence was demolished, a new building - including a kitchen, a refectory and cells - was erected, together with a new abbey on the western side and a chapel on the north side.
Restoration work on the monastery was started again towards the close of the 19th century, under the supervision of the Austrian architect K.A. Romstorfer.
Ample scientific restoration work was under way in 1969, when the church, the treasury tower, the entrance tower and the belfry - built in 1882 to replace a 15th-century tower - were restored in succession. Between 1974 and 1977. the former abbey standing on the western side of the couryard was replaced by'a wooden building, a museum housing art collections, while the cells built in 1854 - 1856 on the northern side were replaced and renewed.
Sursa - Comori de arta din Romania - Putna, de: Cristian Moisescu, Maria Ana Musicescu, Adrian Sirli
INAPOI
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